ALESS 073.1
ALESS 073.1 | |
---|---|
Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
Constellation | Fornax |
Right ascension | 03h 32m 29.9s |
Declination | −27° 56′ 19.3″ |
Redshift | 4.7555±0.0001 |
Heliocentric radial velocity | 1,425,663 km/s (885,866 mi/s) |
Galactocentric velocity | 1,425,561 km/s (885,803 mi/s) |
Distance | ~12.5 billion ly (3.8 billion pc) (light travel distance) 25 billion ly (7.7 billion pc) (comoving distance) |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 25.5 |
Characteristics | |
Type | S |
Other designations | |
GDS J033229.29−275619.5, HKS2013 ALESS 073.1, COMBO-17 16177, XLB2011 403 |
ALESS 073.1 is an old spiral galaxy 12 billion light years away from Earth.[1] The discovery was published in February 2021 in the journal Science.[1] It has challenged the way astronomers understand galaxies and galaxy formation.
Observation
The galaxy was reported in a study conducted by a team of astronomers led by Dr. Federico Lelli at Cardiff University.[2] The team used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope, currently the largest radio telescope in the world, to observe the galaxy in its adolescence.[3] The publication of the study of ALESS 073.1 includes “one of the sharpest, direct images of a primordial galaxy ever produced which allowed the team to undertake a detailed study of its internal structure," according to Cardiff University.[4]
Distance
ALESS 073.1 is about 12 billion light years away from Earth.[1] Due to its distance away from Earth, the light being shown is from when the universe was only 10% of its current age.[1]
Characteristics
Like all galaxies, ALESS 073.1 is composed of gas, dark matter, and dust. It is made from stars that are held together by gravity.[5]
ALESS 073.1 is estimated to have formed 12 billion years ago, just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang.[4] The image of the galaxy seen now gives an image of it during its early years. However, the physical characteristics of the galaxy indicate that the galaxy is much older than its features indicate. ALESS 073.1 exhibits features normally attributed to mature galaxies, such as spiral arms that extend from its center. In this way, it has similar features to spiral galaxies.[6] It also has a rotating disk and a bulge, characteristics found in mature galaxies.[3] This is contrary to the previous understanding of newer galaxies being chaotic, without a particular shape or structure. Over billions of years, young galaxies slow down and stabilize. This creates the distinctive features that are associated with mature galaxies. [citation needed]
The core of ALESS 073.1 hints at the presence of a supermassive black hole, since it is producing more energy than is typical for stars.[6]
Scientific implications
The galaxy's young features, while displaying mature features, challenges scientists’ understanding of galaxy formation. However, more images and information are needed to indicate if this can be observed from other galaxies.[7]
The massive bulge of ALESS 073.1 also puts features typically associated with mature galaxies into question. A bulge is a group of stars that are clustered together at the center of the galaxy.[2] Bulges were generally thought to be a prominent feature of mature galaxies.[4] It was thought that these bulges formed slowly over a long period of time through the merging of smaller galaxies.[4] However, the discovery of ALESS 073.1’s bulge indicates that they are able to be formed much quicker than previously thought. Approximately half of ALESS 073.1’s stars were found to be present in the bulge.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d "Why does this galaxy look older than its years?". Earth and Sky. 25 February 2021.
- ^ a b c "Portrait of young galaxy throws theory of galaxy formation on its head". Cardiff University.
- ^ a b "Portrait of young galaxy throws theory of galaxy formation on its head". The University of British Columbia. 11 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Newly discovered galaxy 'defies understanding', say astronomers". Sky News.
- ^ "Galaxies, explained". National Geographic. 17 April 2019. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021.
- ^ a b "Surprisingly mature galaxy in the infant universe suggests galaxies form faster than we thought". Space.com. 12 February 2021.
- ^ "Young galaxies grow up faster than astronomers previously thought". New Scientist.
- v
- t
- e
- « 20202022 »
telescope launches
- Tiangong space station Tianhe (April 2021)
- Lucy (Oct 2021)
- DART / LICIACube (Nov 2021)
- James Webb Space Telescope (Dec 2021)
- Asteroid close approaches
- 2021 AV7
- 2020 XR
- 2016 DV1
- 2021 DW1
- 99942 Apophis
- (231937) 2001 FO32
- 2021 GW4
- 2021 PH27
- 2016 AJ193
- 2021 SG
- 2021 TP21
- 2021 UA1
- 2019 XS
- 3361 Orpheus
- 1994 WR12
- 4660 Nereus
- (163899) 2003 SD220
- 2018 AH
- Alpha Centauri Ab (unconfirmed)
- COCONUTS-2b
- Gliese 486
- HD 108236 f
- HD 110082 b
- Kepler-1704b
- KOI-5Ab
- L 98-59
- e
- f?
- Lalande 21185 c
- Lambda Serpentis b
- NGTS-13b
- NGTS-14Ab
- OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb
- PDS 70c circumplanetary disk
- TIC 172900988 b
- TOI-178
- b
- c
- d
- e
- f
- g
- TOI-755
- b
- c
- Vega b (unconfirmed)
- YSES 2 b
- QSO J0313−1806 (distant quasar)
- ID2299 (elliptical galaxy)
- TIC 168789840 sextuple system
- V723 Mon black hole candidate
- 2018 AG37 (TNO)
- 2021 DR15 (TNO)
- ALESS 073.1 (spiral galaxy)
- PJ352–15 astrophysical jet
- 2MASS J0348−6022 (rapidly-rotating brown dwarf)
- ZTF J1901+1458 (massive white dwarf)
- WISE 1534–1043 (brown dwarf)
- Andy's object (radio source)
- C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
- C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
- (248370) 2005 QN173
- 8P/Tuttle
- C/2014 OG392 (PanSTARRS)
- C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)
- C/2021 T4 (Lemmon)
- P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury)
exploration
- Outer space portal
- Category:2020 in outer space — Category:2021 in outer space — Category:2022 in outer space