Catherine Smithies
Catherine Smithies (née Bywater; 1785 – 1877) was an English philanthropist and campaigner for animal welfare, abolitionism and temperance. She was the creator of the first Band of Mercy, which promoted teaching children kindness towards non-human animals and led to the Bands of Mercy movement.
Biography
In 1812, she married James Smithies at St Peter's Church, Leeds. Her son, Thomas Bywater Smithies, the second of ten children, was born in 1817.[1]
After her husband's death, she moved to London to live with Thomas at Earlham Grove House.[1] In the 1860s, Smithies authored A Mother's Lessons on Kindness to Animals, which was published in several volumes.[2] In 1870, along with Angela Burdett-Coutts, she founded the Ladies Committee at the RSPCA.[3] In 1875, she founded the first Band of Mercy.[4]
Smithies died in 1877;[5] on her deathbed she stated: "the teaching of children to be kind and merciful to God's lower creatures is preparing the way for the gospel of Christ."[6] She was buried in Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, with her son Thomas (who died in 1883).[5] A guard of honor was formed by uniformed RSPCA officers at her funeral.[7]
After her death, Smithies was memorialised by Thomas, in issue number 281 of The British Workman. Smithies' family and friends erected an obelisk and public drinking fountain in Wood Green, London as a memorial.[8]
References
- ^ a b Murray, Frank. "Smithies, Thomas Bywater (1817–1883), campaigner for temperance and for animal welfare". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74113. Retrieved 22 June 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Donald, Diana (2019). "The 'Two religions': A Gendered Divide in Victorian Society". Women Against Cruelty: Protection of Animals in Nineteenth-century Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-5261-1544-7.
- ^ Scales, Andy. "We remember female trailblazers on International Women's Day". RSPCA. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Cronin, J. Keri (2018). Art for Animals: Visual Culture and Animal Advocacy, 1870–1914. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-271-08163-2.
- ^ a b Pinching, Albert (9 June 2019). "Wood Green's Obelisk". Hornsey Historical Society. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Moss, Arthur William (1961). Valiant Crusade: The History of the RSPCA. London: Cassell. p. 37. ASIN B0027357XI.
- ^ "The History of George Meehan House (formerly Woodside House)". Haringey Council. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Animals". BLT19: 19th-Century Business, Labour, Temperance, & Trade Periodicals. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- v
- t
- e
- Abandoned pets
- Blood sports
- Chick culling
- Cormorant culling
- Livestock dehorning
- Eating live animals
- Eating live seafood
- Intensive animal farming
- Intensive pig farming
- Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals
- Dairy farming
- Poultry farming
- Puppy mill
- Vivisection
- Welfare of farmed insects
- Wild animal suffering
- Wildlife farming
- Feedback (pork industry)
- Foam depopulation
- Ventilation shutdown
- Abnormal behaviours in animals
- Animal psychopathology
- Animal shelter
- Animal welfare science
- Anthrozoology
- Behavioral enrichment
- Compassionate conservation
- Conservation welfare
- Ethics of uncertain sentience
- Ethical omnivorism
- Five freedoms
- Humane law enforcement
- Intrinsic value in animal ethics
- Rescue group
- Three Rs principles
- Welfare biology
nonhuman animals
- ASPCA
- Animal Defenders International
- Animal Welfare Party
- American Humane
- Animal Aid Unlimited
- Animal Welfare Board of India
- Animal Welfare Institute
- Badger Trust
- Battersea
- Blue Cross
- Blue Cross of India
- Cats Protection
- Compassion in World Farming
- CAWF
- Cinnamon Trust
- Dogs Trust
- DSPCA
- Eurogroup for Animals
- Four Paws
- Hedgehog Care
- HSUS
- International Animal Rescue
- IFAW
- International Society for Applied Ethology
- ISPCA
- List of animal welfare organizations
- League Against Cruel Sports
- Marine Connection
- Network for Animals
- Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research
- MSPCA-Angell
- National Animal Welfare Trust
- National Anti-Vivisection Society
- OneKind
- Party for Animal Welfare
- People for Animals
- People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
- RNZSPCA
- RSPCA
- RSPCA Australia
- Save Me
- SSPCA
- Tiggywinkles
- UFAW
- Wildlife Aid Foundation
- World Animal Protection
- World Horse Welfare
- Animal Welfare
- Our Dumb Animals
- The Zoophilist
and workers
and writers
- Animal advocacy parties
- Animal killing
- Animal rights
- Animal welfare and rights legislation
- Animal sacrifice
- Animal sanctuaries
- Animal testing
- Animal welfare and rights by country
- Cruelty to animals
- Dishes involving the consumption of live animals
- Fur trade
- People associated with animal welfare
- Whaling
considerations
festivals
- Blessing of animals
- Bous al carrer
- Cock throwing
- Combat de Reines
- Eid al-Adha
- Gadhimai festival
- Goat throwing
- Goose pulling
- International Primate Day
- Kapparot
- Lychee and Dog Meat Festival
- Monkey Buffet Festival
- October Horse
- Pushkar Camel Fair
- Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo
- Running of the bulls
- Surin Elephant Round-up
- Toro embolado
- World Animal Day
- Animal testing regulations
- Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (UK)
- Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NZ)
- Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (US)
- EU Directive 2010/63/EU (EU)
- EU Directive 1999/74/EC (EU)
- Horse Protection Act of 1970 (US)
- Hunting Act 2004 (US)
- List of international animal welfare conventions
- Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998 (Philippines)
- Category