Needmore Shale

Needmore Formation
Stratigraphic range: Emsian[1]
Typesedimentary
UnderliesMarcellus Shale and Millboro Shale
OverliesOriskany Formation
Lithology
Primaryshale
Location
RegionAppalachian Mountains
CountryUnited States
ExtentMaryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia
Type section
Named forNeedmore, Pennsylvania
Named byWillard and Cleaves, 1939[2]

The Devonian Needmore Formation or Needmore Shale is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Description

The Needmore Formation was originally described by Willard and Cleaves in 1939 as a dark- to medium-gray limy shale, based on exposures in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania. They considered it part of the Onondaga Group.[2]

DeWitt and Colton (1964) described the Needmore as "soft calcareous medium dark-brownish-gray and greenish-gray shale and mudrock...and soft, slightly calcareous very fissile brownish-black shale" that is not resistant to weathering. They estimated its thickness in their study area (southern Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and most of Allegany County, Maryland) as approximately 150 feet.[3]

Fossils

DeWitt and Colton (1964) identified brachiopods (Coelospira acutiplicata, Eodevonaria arcuata), trilobites (Viaphacops cristata), and ostracods (Favulella favulosa) in the Needmore.[3]

Notable Exposures

Type locality is between Needmore and Warfordsburg in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania.

Age

Relative age dating places the Needmore in the middle Devonian.

References

  1. ^ Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau
  2. ^ a b Willard, Bradford, and Cleaves, A.B., 1939, Ordovician-Silurian relations in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, no. 7, p. 1165-1198.
  3. ^ a b deWitt, W. Jr., and Colton, G. W., 1964, Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek Quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Surveys Bull. 1179, pl 1 and 2. [1]
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Ph
Pz
P
Cisuralian
Dunkard Group

Greene Formation:
  • Windy Gap Limestone
    Windy Gap Coal
    Gilmore Sandstone
    Nineveh Sandstone
    Nineveh Coal
    Nineveh Limestone
    Fish Creek Sandstone
    Claysville Limestone
    Dunkard Coal
    Prosperity Limestone
    Tenmile Coal
    Donley Limestone
    Upper Washington Coal
    Rockport Member

Washington Formation:
  • Upper Washington Limestone Member
    Jollytown Limestone Member
    Jollytown Coal
    Middle Washington Limestone Member
    Washington Coal
    Lower Washington Limestone Member
C
Gzhelian
Dunkard Group

Waynesburg Formation:
  • Upper Waynesburg Member
    Little Washington Coal
    Waynesburg“B” coal
    Middle Waynesburg Member
    Waynesburg“A” coal
    Lower Waynesburg Member
Monongahela Group

Uniontown Formation:
  • Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal"
    Gilboy Sandstone Member
    Little Waynesburg Coal
    Waynesburg Limestone Member
    Uniontown Sanstone Member
    Annabelle Shale Member
    Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal"
    Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime"
    Fulton Shale Member

Pittsburgh Formation:
  • Benwood Limestone
    Upper Sewickley Coal
    Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
    Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
    Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
    Sewickley Limestone Member
    Cedarville Sanstone Member
    Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal"
    Westone Sanstone Member
    Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
Kasimovian
Conemaugh Group

Casselman Formation:
  • Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
    Little Pittsburgh coal seam
    Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
    Connellsville Member
    Morgantown Member
    Birmingham Member
Glenshaw Formation
  • Ames Limestone
    Pittsburgh Red Beds
    Upper Bakerstown coal
    Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
    Woods Run Limestone Member
    Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
    Pine Creek Limestone Member
    Buffalo Sandstone Member
    Bush Creek Limestone Member
Mahoning Formation
  • Bush Creek Coal
    Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
    Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal"
    Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
Moscovian
Allegheny Group

Freeport Formation:
  • Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal"
    Upper Freeport Limestone Member
    Butler Sandstone Member
    Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal"
    Upper Freeport Limestone Member
    Freeport Sandstone Member
Kittanning Formation
  • Upper Kittanning Coal
    Johnstone Limestone Member
    Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal"
    Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal"
    Kittanning Sandstone Member
Clarian Formation
  • Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal"
    Vanport Limestone Member
    Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal"
    Brookville Member
Pottsville Group

Beaver River Formation:
  • Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand"
Mercer Formation
  • Upper Mercer Limestone Member
    Upper Mercer Coal
    Lower Mercer Limestone Member
    Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
Bashkirian
Pottsville Group

Connoquenessing Formation:
  • Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand"
    Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal"
    Quakertown Fire Clay
    Quakertown Shale
    Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
Sharon Formation
  • Sharon Shale Member
    Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal"
    Sharon Sandstone
M
Serpukhovian
  • Shenango Formation
Mauch Chunk Group
Viséan
Tournaisian
D
Upper
Famennian
Venango Group
  • Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,
    Chadakoin Formation, First Warren
Bradford Group
  • Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
Elk Group
  • 1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
Ohio Shale
Catskill Group
  • Duncannon Member
    Sherman Creek Member
    Irish Valley Member
Frasnian
  • Knapp Conglomerate
  • Murrysville Sandstone
Middle
Givetian
Eifelian
Hamilton Group
Onondaga Limestone
  • Seneca
    Moorehouse
    Nedrow
    Edgecliff
  • Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
  • Needmore Shale
Lower
Emsian
Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation
Oriskany Formation
Helderberg Group (geology)
Pragian
Helderberg Group (geology)
Lochkovian
Helderberg Group (geology)
S
Pridoli
Ludlow
Ludfordian
Salina Group
  • Camillus Formation
Gorstian
Wenlock
Homerian
Llandovery
O
Upper
Trenton Group
  • Coburn Formation
    Salona Formation
    Rodman Formation
Black River Group
  • Linden Hall Formation
    Snyder Formation
    Hatter Formation

Loyalsburg Formation

Middle
Lower
Knox Supergroup
Beekmantown Group
Є
Furongian
Series 2
Stage 4
  • Grenville Complex
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    Pz
    C
    Moscovian
    • Betsie Shale
    • Grundy Formation
    • Hyden Formation
    • Kendrick Shale
    • Pikeville Formation
    Bashkirian
    • Bee Rock Formation
    • Hensley Shale
    • Sewannee Formation
    • Warren Point Formation
    • Lee Formation
    M
    Serpukhovian
  • Bluefield Formation
  • Bluestone Formation
  • Cove Creek Formation
  • Fido Sandstone
  • Hinton Formation
  • Princeton Formation
  • Stony Gap Formation
  • Viséan
    Tournaisian
    D
    Upper
    Famennian
    Frasnian
    Middle
    Givetian
    Eifelian
    Lower
    Emsian
    Pragian
    Lochkovian
    S
    Pridoli
    Ludlow
    Ludfordian
    Gorstian
    Wenlock
    Homerian
    Sheinwoodian
    Llandovery
    Telychian
    Aeronian
    O
    Upper
    Middle
    • Pinesburg Station Dolomite
    Lower
    Є
    Z
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    Ph
    Cz
    Pe
    Eocene
    Igneous intrusives
    Mz
    J
    Igneous intrusives
    Pz
    P
    Cisuralian
    Asselian
    C
    Gzhelian
    Kasimovian
    Moscovian
    Bashkirian
    M
    Serpukhovian
    Viséan
    Tournaisian
    D
    Upper
    Famennian
    Frasnian
    Middle
    Givetian
    Eifelian
    Lower
    Emsian
    Pragian
    Lochkovian
    S
    Pridoli
    Ludlow
    Ludfordian
    Gorstian
    Wenlock
    Homerian
    Sheinwoodian
    Llandovery
    Telychian
    Aeronian
    O
    Upper
    Hirnantian
    Katian
    Sandbian
    Middle
    Darriwilian
    Dapingian
    Lower
    Tremadocian
    Є
    Furongian
    Stage 10
    Z
    Ediacaran
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