Yokohama Pidgin Japanese

Japanese pidgin of Yokohama,Japan

Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
Region	Yokohama, Japan
Extinct	End of the 19th century
Language family	Japanese-based pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (`mis`)
Glottolog	`yoko1234`
IETF	`crp-u-sd-jp14`

Yokohama Pidgin Japanese, Yokohamese or Japanese Ports Lingo was a Japanese-based pre-pidgin spoken in the Yokohama region during the late 19th century for communication between Japanese and foreigners, mainly English speaking westerners and Chinese traders.^[1] Documentation of Yokohama Pidgin Japanese shows that it was not a stable pidgin, as it often varied between individual speakers, often dependent on the first language of the speaker.^[2]

Andrei Avaram, a linguist from the University of Bucharest, referred to Yokohama Pidgin Japanese and Japanese Pidgin English as "Two sides of the same coin," due to both of them being contact languages used by traders, with little dominance between the contributing languages.^[2]

Most of the first-hand information on the pidgin comes from "Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect," a humorous booklet published in 1879 by Hoffman Atkinson.

References

^ Avram, Andrei A. (2014-12-31). "Yokohama Pidgin Japanese Revisited". Acta Linguistica Asiatica. 4 (2): 67–84. doi:10.4312/ala.4.2.67-84. ISSN 2232-3317.
^ ^a ^b Avram, Andrei A. (2017-06-28). ""Two Sides of the Same Coin": Yokohama Pidgin Japanese and Japanese Pidgin English". Acta Linguistica Asiatica. 7 (1): 57–76. doi:10.4312/ala.7.1.57-76. ISSN 2232-3317.

Atkinson, Hoffman (1879). Revised and Enlarged Edition of Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect. Yokohama. OL 14038644M.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Daniels, F. J. (1948). "The Vocabulary of Japanese Ports Lingo". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 12 (3/4): 805–823. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00083385. S2CID 62765771.

Japanese language

Earlier forms

Old
Early Middle
Late Middle
Early Modern

Dialects

Eastern	Hokkaidō Tōhoku Northern Nanbu Tsugaru Akita Southern Kesen Nairiku Kantō Western Gunma Kanagawa Tokyo Eastern Ibaraki Tochigi Northern Izu Islands Tōkai–Tōsan Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka Shizuoka Narada Echigo Nagaoka Gifu-Aichi Nagoya Mikawa Mino Hida
Western	Hokuriku Kaga Kanazawa Shiramine Kansai Awaji Banshū Kishū Okuyoshino Shikoku Iyo Tosa Sanuki Chūgoku San'yō Bingo East San'in Inshū Umpaku
Kyūshū	Hōnichi Ōita Hichiku Chikuzen Hakata Kumamoto Nagasaki Saga Tsushima Satsugū
Other	Amami Japanese Okinawan Japanese

Pidgins and creoles

Japonic languages

Eastern Old Japanese Hachijō grammar
Ryukyuan	Northern Amami Ōshima Southern Amami Ōshima Kikai Kunigami Okinawan Okinoerabu Tokunoshima Yoron Southern Miyako Tarama Yaeyama Yonaguni

Writing system

Logograms	Script reform Kanbun Kanji by stroke count Kanji radicals by frequency by stroke count Kokuji Ryakuji Ateji
Kana	Hiragana Katakana Furigana Okurigana Gojūon Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sōgana Kana ligature
Orthography	Braille Kanji Punctuation Kanazukai Historical kana Modern kana Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai Yotsugana Transcription into Japanese
Encoding	EUC EUC-JP ISO/IEC 2022 JIS 0201 0208 0211 0212 0213 Shift JIS Unicode Hiragana Kana Extended-A Kana Extended-B Kana Supplement Small Kana Extension Katakana Katakana Phonetic Extensions Other ARIB STD B24 Enclosed EIS Extended shinjitai Half/Full