Kecenderungan laba untuk menurun
Kecenderungan laba untuk menurun (bahasa Inggris: tendency of the rate of profit to fall, TRPF) adalah teori dalam teori krisis ekonomi politik, yang menyatakan bahwa tingkat laba (ratio laba dari jumlah modal yang diinvestasikan) menurun sepanjang waktu. Hipotesis tersebut meraih pengaruh tambahan dari pembahasannya oleh Karl Marx dalam Bab 13 Capital, Volume III,[1] namun para ekonom seperti Adam Smith,[2] John Stuart Mill,[3] David Ricardo[4] dan Stanley Jevons[5] menyebut secara eksplisit TRPF sebagai fenomena empiris yang menuntut penjelasan teoretikal lebih lanjut, meskipun mereka berbeda pendapat soal alasan kenapa TRPF seharusnya terjadi saat dibutuhkan.[6]
Referensi
- ^ It is also referred to by Marx as the "law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall" (LTRPF). As explained in the article, there are disputes about whether there is such a law or not. Other terms used include "the falling rate of profit" (FROP), the "falling tendency of the rate of profit" (FTRP), "decline of the rate of profit" (DROP), and the "tendential fall of the rate of profit" (TFRP). The average rate of profit on production capital is usually written as r = S/(C+V).
- ^ Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Chapter 9. See also Philip Mirowski, "Adam Smith, Empiricism, and the Rate of Profit in Eighteenth-Century England." History of Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 2, Summer 1982, pp. 178–198.
- ^ John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy (1848), Book 4, Chapter 4. Bela A. Balassa, "Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Bd. 83 (1959), pp. 147–165.
- ^ David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Chapter 6. Maurice Dobb, "The Sraffa system and critique of the neoclassical theory of distribution." In : E.K. Hunt & Jesse G. Schwartz, A Critique of Economic Theory. Penguin, 1972, p. 211–213.
- ^ W. Stanley Jevons (1871), The Theory of Political Economy. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1970, pp. 243–244.
- ^ Aspromourgos, Tony, "Profits", in: James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioural Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015, 2nd edition, Vol. 19, pp. 111–116.
