Kempen Afrika Timur (Perang Dunia II)
| Kempen Afrika Timur | |||||||||
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| Sebahagian daripada Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah Perang Dunia II | |||||||||
 Askar Afrika Selatan dengan bendera Itali yang ditawan, 1941 | |||||||||
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| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||||
 Empayar British
 Empayar Habsyah Belgium
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| Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||||
 Archibald Wavell R. Godwin-Austen William Platt Alan Cunningham Haile Selassie Abebe Aregai Auguste Gilliaert |  Duke of Aosta   Guglielmo Nasi Luigi Frusci Pietro Gazzera Carlo De Simone | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||||
| Kenya
Afrika Selatan: 27,000
| AOI
Ogos 1940: 371,053
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| Kerugian dan korban | |||||||||
| Hingga April 1941: 75,704 terbunuh: 11,130 Sakit/eksiden: 74,550 (disenteri: 10,000 malaria: 10,000, maut: 744) Belgium mati: 462 Pesawat: 138 Operasi terkemudian: Gondar, terbunuh: 32, cedera: 182, hilang: 6 pesawat: 15 | Hingga April 1941: 61,326 terbunuh: 16,966 cedera: 25,098 POW:19,262 pesawat: 250 Menyerah kalah pada November 1941: 230,000 | ||||||||
| Korban AOI tidak termasuk Giuba dan bahagian timur | |||||||||
Kempen Afrika Timur (juga dikenali sebagai Kempen Habsyah) telah diperjuangkan di Afrika Timur semasa Perang Dunia Kedua oleh Pihak Bersekutu, terutamanya dari Empayar British, menentang Itali dan koloni Afrika Timur Italinya, antara Jun 1940 dan November 1941. Markas Timur Tengah British bersama pasukan tentera dari United Kingdom, Afrika Selatan, India British, Protektorat Uganda, Kenya, Somaliland, Afrika Barat, Rhodesia Utara dan Selatan, Sudan dan Nyasaland terlibat dalam kempen tersebut. Ia disertai oleh Force Publiquecode: fr is deprecated Sekutu dari Congo Belgium, Arbegnoch Imperial Habsyah (tentera pemberontak) dan sebuah unit kecil Perancis Bebas.
Afrika Timur Itali dipertahankan oleh Comando Forze Armate dell'Africa Orientale Italianacode: it is deprecated (Markas Angkatan Tentera Afrika Timur Itali), bersama unit-unit dari Regio Esercitocode: it is deprecated (Tenterq Darat Diraja), Regia Aeronauticacode: it is deprecated (Tentera Udara Diraja) dan Regia Marinacode: it is deprecated (Tentera Laut Diraja). Bala tentera Itali merangkumi kira-kira 250,000 askar dari Regio Corpo Truppe Colonialicode: it is deprecated (Kor Pasukan Kolonial Diraja), dipimpin oleh pegawai Itali dan NCO. Dengan Britain menguasai Terusan Suez, tentera Itali terputus dari bekalan dan bala bantuan setelah permusuhan bermula.
Pada 13 Jun 1940 satu serangan udara Itali berlaku di pangkalan RAF di Wajir, Kenya dan perang udara berterusan sehingga tentera Itali dipaksa berundur dari Kenya dan Sudan, melalui Somaliland, Eritrea dan Habsyah pada tahun 1940 dan awal 1941. Saki baki tentera Itali di rantau itu menyerah kalah selepas Pertempuran Gondar pada November 1941, kecuali bagi kumpulan kecil yang memperjuangkan perang gerila di Habsyah terhadap pihak British sehingga Peletakan Senjata Cassibile pada September 1943, yang menamatkan perang antara Itali dan pihak Sekutu. Kempen Afrika Timur adalah kemenangan strategik pertama bagi pihak Sekutu dalam peperangan ini; beberapa pasukan tentera Itali melarikan diri dari rantau itu untuk digunakan dalam kempen lain dan kekalahan Itali telah banyak mengurangkan saluran bekalan melalui Laut Merah ke Mesir. Sebahagian besar tentera Komanwel di pindahkan ke Afrika Utara untuk terlibat dalam Kempen Gurun Barat.
Bacaan lanjut
Books
- Antonicelli, Franco (1961). Dall'antifascismo alla resistenza: Trent'anni di storia italiana 1915–1945 [From Antifascism to Resistance: Thirty Years of Italian History 1915–1945]. Saggi (dalam bahasa Itali) (ed. Mondadori). Torino: Einaudi. OCLC 859627877.
- Barker, A. J. (1966). Eritrea. London: Faber. OCLC 1658053.
- Barker, A. J. (1968). The Civilising Mission: The Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–6. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-93201-6.
- Bragadin, Marc'Antonio (1957). Italian Navy in World War II (ed. 1st). Annapolis, Maryland: US Naval Institute. ISBN 978-0-87021-327-4.
- Brown, J. A. (1990). The War of a Hundred Days: Springboks in Somalia and Abyssinia, 1940–41. South Africans at War. I. Johannesburg, SA: Ashanti. ISBN 978-1-874800-10-1.
- Churchill, Winston S. (1986) [1949]. The Second World War: Their Finest Hour. II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-41056-1.
- Cocchia, A. (1958). La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale [The Italian Navy in the Second World War]. Roma: Ufficio storico della marina militare. OCLC 859874678.
- Corvaja, Santi (2001). Hitler and Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-00-1.
- Crosskill, W. E. (1980). The Two Thousand Mile War. London: Robert Hale. OCLC 490879527.
- Del Boca, Angelo (1986). Italiani in Africa Orientale: La caduta dell'Impero [Italians in East Africa: The Fall of the Empire] (dalam bahasa Itali). Roma-Bari: Laterza. ISBN 978-88-420-2810-9.
- Glover, M. (1987). An Improvised War: The Ethiopian Campaign 1940–1941. London: Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-0-85052-241-9.
- Knox, MacGregor (1986). Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–194: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33835-6.
- Laitin, D. D. (1977). Politics, Language and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7.
- Lupinacci, Pier Filippo; Cocchia, Aldo (1961). La Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale: Le operazioni in Africa Orientale [The Italian Navy in the Second World War: Operations in East Africa] (dalam bahasa Itali). X (ed. 1st). Rome: Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare Italiana. m/s. 187–197. OCLC 955801310.
- Metz, Helen Chapin (2004) [1993]. Somalia: A Country Study. Area Handbook (ed. Kessinger). Federal Research Division. ISBN 978-0-8444-0775-3.
- Nafziger, G. (2012) [2011]. Nafziger Orders of Battle Collection: Finding Aid (ed. online). Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combined Arms Research Library (US Army Command and General Staff College). OCLC 528648446. Dicapai pada 10 March 2016.
- Platt, W. (17 July 1946). Operations of the East African Command 12 July 1941 to 8 January 1943 (PDF). The London Gazette. London. m/s. 3711–3720. Dicapai pada 27 June 2014.
- Revised Notes on the Italian Army (with amendments 1–3 incorporated). London: War Office. 1942. OCLC 41977582.
- Shirreff, David (2009) [1995]. Bare Feet and Bandoliers: Wingate, Sandford, the Patriots and the Liberation of Ethiopia. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-84884-029-4.
- Sutherland, J.; Canwell, D. (2009). Air War East Africa 1940–41: The RAF Versus the Italian Air Force. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-84415-816-4.
- Vincent, J-N.; Spivak, M.; Léoni, A. Les forces françaises dans la lutte contre l'Axe en Afrique [French Forces in the Fight against the Axis in Africa] (dalam bahasa Perancis). 1983–1985. Paris: Ministère de la défense, Etat-major de l'Armée de terre, Service historique. ISBN 978-2-86323-017-6.
- Wavell, A. (4 June 1946). Operations in the Somaliland Protectorate, 1939–1940 (Appendix A – G. M. R. Reid and A. R. Godwin-Austen) (PDF). The London Gazette. m/s. 2719–2727. Dicapai pada 27 June 2014.
Tesis
- Anglim, S. J. (2007). Orde Wingate and the British Army 1922–1944: Military Thought and Practice Compared and Contrasted (PhD). ISNI 0000 0001 3424 7296. University of Wales, Aberystwyth. OCLC 828579432. Dicapai pada 25 February 2016.
- Snead, L. R. (6 May 1994). Wavell's Campaigns in the Middle East: An Analysis of Operational Art and the Implications for Today (Monograph). Command and General Staff College, School of Advanced Military Studies. Fort Leavenworth, KS: School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College. OCLC 831935679. Docket ADA 284720. Dicapai pada 5 March 2016.
Website
- Kostecka, D. J. (2012). "Making Do: the Air War in East Africa, 1940–1941". The Free Library. Dicapai pada 28 June 2014.
- Liebenberg, E. "The Springboks in East Africa: The role of 1 SA Survey Company (SAEC) in the East African Campaign of World War II, 1940–1941" (PDF) (pdf). no year, no isbn. Johannesburg: Department of Geography, University of South Africa.
Pautan luar
- Short talk on the campaign by Andrew Stewart (2016)
- Imperial War Museum talk
- Air War in East Africa
- Italian East African Armed Forces, 10 June 1940
- 1940 Colonial Brigade, 10 June 1940
- Somalihome Online: The Invasion of British Somaliland
- BBC WWII People's War: East African Campaign
- Regia Marina The Italian Royal Navy
- Ascari: I Leoni di Eritrea/Ascari: The Eritrean Lions: Eritrean Ascari pictures, videos and atlas (Italian)
- British Military History: East Africa 1940–1947
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Kawalan kewibawaan: Perpustakaan negara  |
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