Lencana pangkat Tentera Darat Jerman (1935–1945)
Heercode: de is deprecated selaku tentera darat Jerman dan sebahagian daripada Wehrmachtcode: de is deprecated mewarisi struktur uniform dan pangkat daripada Reichsheercode: de is deprecated Republik Weimar (1921–1935). Terdapat sedikit pengubahsuaian dan pelarasan yang dibuat tatkala tentera darat berkembang daripada sebuah ketumbukan pertahanan terhad semasa aman yang berjumlah 100,000 askar kepada sebuah angkatan perang yang berjumlah beberapa juta askar.
Lencana pangkat ini khusus untuk Heer dan istimewa untuk para pegawai kanan Wehrmacht dalam perkhidmatan bebas; pakaian seragam dan sistem pangkat bagi cawangan lain Wehrmachtcode: de is deprecated , iaitu Luftwaffecode: de is deprecated (Tentera Udara) dan Kriegsmarinecode: de is deprecated (Tentera Laut), adalah berbeza, begitu juga dengan SS yang merupakan sebuah organisasi Parti di luar Wehrmachtcode: de is deprecated . Parti Nazi sendiri juga mempunyai beberapa jenis uniform dan lencana pangkat separa tentera.
Tanda kebesaran
Lambang Kebangsaan: Hoheitszeichencode: de is deprecated atau Wehrmachtsadlercode: de is deprecated
Pengiktirafan visual Reichswehrcode: de is deprecated terhadap realiti baru Sosialis Nasional muncul pada 17 Februari 1934, apabila Panglima Angkatan Tentera, Werner von Blomberg, mengarahkan lambang helang-dan-swastika Parti Nazi, kemudian Lambang Kebangsaan Jerman, dipakai pada blaus uniform dan topi berkuatkuasa 1 Mei.[1] Reka bentuk helang ini menggunakan warna perak bagi Reichsheercode: de is deprecated (tentera darat) dan warna emas bagi Reichsmarinecode: de is deprecated (tentera laut), ia adalah helang bergaya dengan sayap serong yang terbuka luas sambil mencengkam kalungan bunga swastika, kemudian dipanggil Wehrmachtsadlercode: de is deprecated ("helang angkatan tentera").[a]
Helang dada
Wehrmachtsadler
1935
1939
1940
1944
Tropika
Penutup kepala
Topi dan helmet memakai dua elemen tanda kebesaran yang sama, dalam pelbagai bentuk: iaitu Lambang Kebangsaan dan warna kebangsaan. Topi Perang Dunia I membawa dwi kokarde atau roundel, satu mengikut warna hitam-putih-merah Imperial dan satu lagi mengikut warna Negeri-Negeri tertentu di dalam Empayar. Pihak Reichswehrcode: de is deprecated menukar ia kepada satu cockade mengikut warna hitam, merah dan emas Republik Weimar; sebaik sahaja Hitler mengambil alih kuasa beliau mengembalikan bendera tiga warna pra-1919, dan mengarahkan Tentera Darat kembali ke warna hitam-putih-merah.
Pelapik kolar (Kragenpattecode: de is deprecated , Kragenspiegelcode: de is deprecated )
Versi pegawai
(bersulam)
(bersulam)
dress
medan & khidmat
Waffenfarbe (kor kavalri)
Versi PTT
(tenunan mesin dengan brid keliling)
(tenunan mesin dengan brid keliling)
dress
field
Waffenfarbe (kor armor)
Versi LLP
medan 1934
Waffenfarbe (artileri)
Dalam tentera Jerman abad ke-19, Rejimen Pengawal dan rejimen elit lain memakai brid panjang berganda (Doppellitzecode: de is deprecated ) yang mengelilingi seluruh kolar sebagai tanda kebesaran. Pada pertengahan Perang Dunia I kolar berhias ini telah dikecilkan kepada brid pendek bersulam yang dicantum pada hujungnya, dijahit pada pelapik yang dipakai di depan kolar. Apabila Reichsheercode: de is deprecated ditubuhkan pada tahun 1921 sebagai tentera darat nasional pertama Jerman[b] Litzencode: de is deprecated telah ditetapkan sebagai lambang kolar universal bagi semua anggota selain jeneral, dan Reich Ketiga meneruskan amalan itu.
Untuk penjelasan, bagaimanapun, perbezaan mesti dibuat antara "pelapik kolar" (Jerman: Kragenpatte atau Kragenspiegelcode: de is deprecated ), dan brid PTT (Unteroffizierslitzecode: de is deprecated atau Kragenlitzecode: de is deprecated – iaitu lambang bagi semua pangkat PTT Jerman), mengelilingi kolar tunik pakaian seragam. Seorang PTT memakai kedua-dua pelapik kolar dan brid mengelilingi kolar. Pegawai bertauliah memakai pelapik kolar sahaja.
Rekaan universal dari tahun 1938
Versi LLP
Dress
Medan, 1938
Medan, 1940
Pakaian seragam kenderaan berperisai
Kumpulan Pegawai Staf Am
Pelapik kolar pegawai Staf Am
Waffenfarbe (staf am)
Generalstaboffizierecode: de is deprecated ialah pegawai yang dipilih dan dilatih dengan teliti untuk mewakili Kumpulan Staf Am Jerman bagi kedua-dua tugas pemerintahan dan staf. Mereka berpangkat dari Hauptmann im Generalstabcode: de is deprecated (kapten) hingga Oberst i.G.code: de is deprecated (kolonel). Kesemuanya, sebelum tahun 1939, lulusan Akademi Tentera, iaitu Kriegsakademiecode: de is deprecated . Di bahagian staf mereka memegang posisi Ia (pegawai staf am pertama merangkap ketua operasi) atau Ib (pegawai staf am kedua). Di jabatan yang lebih tinggi, iaitu bahagian risikan dan latihan staf selalunya berada di bawah tanggungjawab kumpulan pegawai Staf Am. Pegawai Staf Am mempunyai Litzen mereka tersendiri yang dipanggil alt-Preußischecode: de is deprecated (Prusia lama), atau Kolbenstickereicode: de is deprecated ("sulaman-lobe"). Ini adalah sama dengan pakaian dress merah carmine Kragenpattencode: de is deprecated atau pelapik hijau pakaian khidmat; Litzenspiegelcode: de is deprecated berwarna tidak diperlukan. Pegawai Staf Am yang ditugaskan ke markas tertinggi (iaitu Reichskriegsministeriumcode: de is deprecated , kemudian OKH dan OKW), Kriegsakademiecode: de is deprecated , dan atase tentera boleh dibezakan oleh Litzen mereka yang berwarna keemasan dan bukannya perak. Generalstaboffizierecode: de is deprecated ini dipanggil "des Generalstabscode: de is deprecated ", Oberst d.G.code: de is deprecated , dll. Litzen emas khas telah dimansuhkan pada November 1942. Hanya atase tentera mengekalkan Litzen mereka selama mana mereka berada di jawatan sekarang. Führer mahu ada ikatan rapat antara barisan hadapan, OKW dan OKH.
Sebagai tambahan kepada pelapik kolar mereka, Pegawai Staf Am memakai jalur seluar, rekaan yang sama seperti seorang jeneral tetapi berwarna merah carmine dan bukannya merah scarlet.
Para Jeneral
Selaku Generalmajor
Selaku Field Marshal
Dari tahun 1900 dan seterusnya para jeneral Prusia telah memakai pelapik kolar berhias sulaman dalam bentuk yang dipanggil alt-Larischcode: de is deprecated , yang pertama kali dipakai pada abad ke-18 oleh Rejimen Ke-26 Infantri (älterer von Larisch) [de]; Reichsheercode: de is deprecated dan Wehrmachtcode: de is deprecated meneruskan tradisi itu. Lambang ini, kadangkala dipanggil Arabeskencode: de is deprecated (arabesques), disulam dengan bulion emas atau sintetik keemasan Celleoncode: de is deprecated pada lapik Hochrotcode: de is deprecated (merah scarlet).
Field Marshal memakai Arabeskencode: de is deprecated yang sama seperti jeneral sehingga April 1941, apabila mereka dibenarkan memakai varian lebih panjang yang berbentuk tiga dan bukannya dua corak iterasi yang berulang, dengan jumlah 6 "motif".[2] Dalam sesetengah kes GFM tidak kisah untuk menggantikan lambang jeneral mereka, atau berbuat demikian hanya pada pakaian seragam dress mereka.
Pegawai jeneral Perkhidmatan Tentera Khusus (Truppensonderdienstcode: de is deprecated – TDS) dan kerjaya pakar (perubatan, veterinar, senjata, dan motorise) memakai tanda kebesaran yang sama sehingga April 1944, apabila mereka diarahkan untuk menukar Kragenpattencode: de is deprecated scarlet mereka kepada tanda alt-Larischcode: de is deprecated yang dilapikkan pada Waffenfarbe:code: de is deprecated mereka.
- biru langit – pentadbiran TDS;
- biru cornflower – perubatan;
- oren – ordnans;[c]
- merah jambu – motorise;
- merah carmine – veterinar;
- merah tua – kehakiman TDS.
Pada Otober 1944, tempoh akhir lapik scarlet bagi Jeneral kerjaya pakar telah dilanjutkan untuk tempoh yang tidak ditetapkan.
Hari ini pelapik kolar arabesque masih dipakai oleh pegawai jeneral Bundeswehr.[3]
Ketua
Di dalam Wehrmacht Heercode: de is deprecated , selepas bersara, jeneral kanan Jerman tertentu akan dikurniakan jawatan kehormat Chefcode: de is deprecated (Ketua atau Penaung) sebuah rejimen, sama seperti Kolonel Kehormat dalam Tentera Darat British dan Kolonel Yang DiPertua dalam Angkatan Tentera Malaysia . Ia merupakan adat istiadat Jerman sejak dari abad ke-18. Jeneral-jeneral ini dibenarkan memakai tunik dan tanda kebesaran seorang pegawai rejimen, termasuk Litzencode: de is deprecated pegawai biasa. Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-18 Infantri [de], memakai angka 18 yang besar pada shoulder kordnya, dan untuk pemakaian harian beliau menggemari tunik berhias pegawai infantri berserta piping putih dan bukannya uniform jeneral.
Hitler mula-mula melantik Generaloberstcode: de is deprecated Hans von Seeckt, Chef der Heeresleitungcode: de is deprecated yang tua, sebagai Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-67 Infantri pada hari lahirnya yang ke-70 pada April 1936, beberapa bulan sebelum beliau meninggal dunia. Hanya tujuh jeneral Jerman dilantik Chefcode: de is deprecated : selain Seeckt dan Rundstedt mereka adalah General der Infanteriecode: de is deprecated Ritter von Epp (Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-61 Infantri di Munich); Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated von Mackensen (Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-5 Kavalri di Stolp); Generaloberstcode: de is deprecated von Fritsch (Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-12 Artileri di Schwerin); dan Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated von Böhm-Ermolli (Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-28 Infantri di Troppau). Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated von Blomberg telah dilantik Chefcode: de is deprecated Rejimen Ke-73 Infantri dan memakai angka besar 73 yang ditindih atas baton marsyal bersilang pada epauletnya, tetapi pada 4 Februari 1938 beliau telah dipecat dan namanya dipadam daripada senarai senioriti.[4]
Kumpulan Pegawai
kumpulan pegawai muda
kumpulan pegawai medan
Papan bahu pegawai diperbuat daripada brid "Rusia", piping berkembar benang aluminum. Kumpulan pegawai muda (Leutnantcode: de is deprecated hingga Hauptmann/Rittmeistercode: de is deprecated ) memakai epaulet yang diperbuat dari dua brid panjang yang dilipat sebelah-menyebelah hingga meliliti lubang butang, membentuk lapan kord serupa; keseluruhan bentuk ini dijahit pada alas lapik (Unterlagencode: de is deprecated ) kain berwarna Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated . Sehingga tahun 1938 alas lapik itu mempunyai dimensi luaran yang sama seperti brid, dan hanya boleh dilihat pada bahagian tepi; pada tahun itu alas lapik dibuat lebih lebar, untuk mewujudkan kesan piping tepi seperti shoulder-strap lain-lain pangkat. Pangkat ditunjukkan dari kosong hingga dua paku/bintang logam bersadur; penanda unit juga daripada logam bersadur.
Papan bahu kumpulan pegawai medan (Stabsoffiziercode: de is deprecated ) diperbuat dari dua pita brid Rusia yang dipintal secara menyilang dan digelung untuk membentuk lubang butang, dijahit pada alas lapik Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated ; pangkat sekali lagi ditunjukkan dari kosong hingga dua paku/bintang logam bersadur.
Sebaik sahaja perang bermula, brid alumunium kelabu kusam muncul, tetapi brid aluminum terang masih digunakan.
Kumpulan Jeneral
- 1 Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated (Shoulder kord selepas April 1941)
- 2 Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated (Shoulder kord sebelum April 1941)
- 3 Generaloberstcode: de is deprecated
- 4 General of the branchcode: de is deprecated
- 5 Generalleutnantcode: de is deprecated
- 6 Generalmajorcode: de is deprecated
Papan bahu jeneral diperbuat serupa dengan kumpulan pegawai medan, tetapi mengandungi satu brid Rusia berwarna perak di tengah-tengah dua kord brid bulion emas atau Celleoncode: de is deprecated . Oleh kerana gabungan yang terhasil lebih lebar, epaulet jeneral dipintal dalam empat 'gelung' dan bukannya lima. Butangnya disadur, dan pangkat ditandakan dari kosong hingga tiga paku/bintang perak, atau baton bersilang jika berpangkat field marshal. Alas lapik berwarna merah scarlet, kecuali (dari tahun 1944) bagi kumpulan staf am, yang sebaliknya diarah memakai Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated .
Pada April 1941, epaulet Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated ditukar dengan memasukkan kord emas tengah bagi menggantikan kord perak.[5]
Kolonel Yang Dipertua memakai papan bahu emas jeneral yang dilapik dengan Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated rejimen bukannya merah scarlet; GFM von Rundstedt kadangkala hanya menyematkan baton bersilangnya pada epaulet kolonel infantri.
Anggota bersara
Atas perintah Fil Marsyal Hindenburg pada Mac 1932, askar yang bersara selepas 15 tahun perkhidmatan berhak memakai uniform unit terakhir yang mereka tinggalkan. Papan bahu dan shoulder strap askar bersara mempunyai pengekang selebar 1.5 sm yang dipasang pada bawah bahagian tengah epaulet.
Pangkat dan lencana pangkat
Jadual pangkat
Anggota lain-lain pangkat (Mannschaftencode: de is deprecated )
Kolar lain-lain pangkat Litzencode: de is deprecated
1935
1938
1940
Dress
Tropika
Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated merah: artileri
Lain-lain pangkat Schulterklappencode: de is deprecated
hingga 1933
1938
1940
Panzer uniform
Tropika
Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated putih: infantri, merah jambu: armor
| Insignia[6][7] | Pangkat | Terjemahan[8] | Anggaran persamaan semasa Perang Dunia II | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahu | Lengan | UK[9] | US[10] | |||
| | — | Soldatcode: de is deprecated | Askar | Prebet | Prebet | Soldatcode: de is deprecated was the generic term; for actual ranks see below. It could be advanced directly to Gefreitercode: de is deprecated . |
 | — | Soldatcode: de is deprecated (Unteroffizieranwärter UAcode: de is deprecated ) | Askar (PTT aspiran) | Bakal PTT | Soldier selected for or attending Unteroffizierschulecode: de is deprecated (NCO school); could be of any rank from Soldatcode: de is deprecated through Stabsgefreitercode: de is deprecated . | |
 | — | Soldatcode: de is deprecated (Offizieranwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Askar (Pegawai aspiran) | Bakal pegawai kelas ke-2 | See below | |
| |  | Obersoldatcode: de is deprecated [d] (from 1936) | Prebet kanan | Prebet kanan | Prebet kelas pertama | Obersoldatcode: de is deprecated was the generic term; for actual ranks see below. Automatic after 12 (later 6) months if not yet advanced to Gefreitercode: de is deprecated . |
| |  | Gefreitercode: de is deprecated | "Exempted" | Lans Koperal | Pemangku Koperal | Historically in German armies, a Gefreitercode: de is deprecated was an experienced soldier who by virtue of seniority was exempted from more menial duties. |
| | | Gefreitercode: de is deprecated (Offizieranwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | "Exempted" (Pegawai aspiran) | Bakal pegawai kelas 1 | See below | |
| |   | Obergefreitercode: de is deprecated | Senior "Exempted" | Lans Koperal | Koperal | Second sleeve insignia indicates 6 years of service.[e] |
| |  | Stabsgefreitercode: de is deprecated [d] (from 1942) | Staf "Exempted" | Lans Koperal | Koperal pentadbiran | The rank was commonly trusted with positions in food provision supply and quartermaster duties. In the last years of World War II Stabsgefreiterscode: de is deprecated were often used as group leaders Gruppenführercode: de is deprecated due to a lack of Unteroffizierecode: de is deprecated (NCOs). Promotions to this rank were suspended in 1934, although existing Stabsgefreiterscode: de is deprecated retained it; promotions resumed in 1942. |
Pegawai tidak tauliah (Unteroffizierecode: de is deprecated )
Litzencode: de is deprecated dan Tressecode: de is deprecated PTT
1935
1938
1940
Dress
Tropika
Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated merah jambu: pasukan armor
Schulterklappencode: de is deprecated PTT
hingga 1933
1938
1940
Uniform Panzer
Tropika
| Insignia[6][7] | Pangkat | Terjemahan[8] | Anggaran persamaan semasa Perang Dunia II | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahu | Lengan[11] | UK[9] | US[12] | |||
| Unteroffiziere ohne Portepeecode: de is deprecated [f] (PTT Muda) | ||||||
 |  | Unteroffizier Oberjägercode: de is deprecated (Light and mountain infantry) | Under-officer Senior ranger | Koperal | Sarjan | Originally only upon completion of NCO school; later also an automatic promotion for acting squad leaders with 4 months of combat experience. Could be advanced directly to Feldwebelcode: de is deprecated / Wachtmeistercode: de is deprecated . |
 | Fahnenjunker-Unteroffiziercode: de is deprecated (Offiziersanwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Ensain (dengan gred Sjn) | Bakal pegawai Koperal | Unteroffizier shoulder board, additional with two silver strips | ||
 |  | Unterfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated [d] Unterwachtmeistercode: de is deprecated [g] | Junior field usher Junior watch master | Sarjan | Staf Sarjan | Called Sergeantcode: de is deprecated until 1921. Automatically after 6 years of service and 3 years as an Unteroffiziercode: de is deprecated if not yet advanced to Feldwebelcode: de is deprecated / Wachtmeistercode: de is deprecated . |
 | Fahnenjunker-Unterfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated (Offiziersanwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Ensain (dengan gred SSjn) | Officer candidate Sergeant | Probationary officer | Unterfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated shoulder board, additional with two silver strips | |
| Unteroffiziere mit Portepeecode: de is deprecated [f] (PTT Kanan) | ||||||
 |  | Feldwebel Wachtmeistercode: de is deprecated [g] | Field usher Watch master | Staf Sarjan | Teknikal Sarjan | From mid-war an automatic promotion for acting platoon leaders with 4 months of combat experience. |
 | Fahnenjunker-Feldwebelcode: de is deprecated (Offiziersanwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Ensain (dengan gred TSjn) | Bakal pegawai | Feldwebelcode: de is deprecated shoulder board, additional with two silver strips | ||
 |  | Oberfeldwebel Oberwachtmeistercode: de is deprecated [g] | Senior field usher Senior watch master | Sarjan Mejar | Master Sarjan | Hauptfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated (First Sergeant/CSM) was normally of this rank. |
 | Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated (Offiziersanwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Ensain (dengan gred MSjn) | Bakal pegawai | Oberfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated shoulder board (additional with two silver strips), worn with officer's uniform | ||
 |  | Stabsfeldwebel Stabswachtmeistercode: de is deprecated [g] | Staff field usher Staff watch master | Sarjan Mejar Rejimen | Sarjan Mejar | Restricted to career volunteers; automatically after 12 years of service. Rank created in 1938. |
 | Fahnenjunker-Stabsfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated (Offiziersanwärter OAcode: de is deprecated ) | Ensain (dengan gred Sarjan Mejar Rejimen) | Bakal pegawai | Stabsfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated shoulder board (additional with two silver strips), worn with officer's uniform | ||
Hauptfeldwebel/Hauptwachtmeistercode: de is deprecated : Hauptfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated was not a rank but an appointment: the administrative and mustering NCO of a company and the commander's logistical assistant. He was therefore roughly analogous to a Company Sergeant-Major or First Sergeant, although his duties did not usually involve combat leadership. Der Spießcode: de is deprecated [h] or die Mutter der Kompaniecode: de is deprecated , as he was called, was not necessarily the ranking Unteroffiziercode: de is deprecated in the company, especially since typically two of the platoons were commanded by senior NCOs rather than officers. A Hauptfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated however had to be of Portepeecode: de is deprecated grade; a junior NCO filling the role was a Hauptfeldwebeldiensttuercode: de is deprecated , "one doing Hauptfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated duties."
The insignia for a Hauptfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated was a pair of NCO Tressencode: de is deprecated encircling each lower sleeve, nicknamed "piston rings;" he also carried a leather Meldetaschecode: de is deprecated or report-case tucked into his tunic front.
Pegawai pakar tidak tauliah kanan
In two specialist career paths it was possible to attain rank above Stabsfeldwebelcode: de is deprecated : fortifications engineers (Festungspionierecode: de is deprecated ) and farriers (Hufbeschlagschmiedercode: de is deprecated ).[i] They were actual NCOs with command authority, not Heeresbeamtencode: de is deprecated (uniformed Army civil servants). There was no direct equivalent in the English-speaking world; perhaps the closest examples of the time would be the British Royal Navy's and United States Navy's ranks of Warrant Officer.
| Insignia | Pangkat | Terjemahan |
|---|---|---|
  | Festungswerkmeister Hufbeschlaglehrmeistercode: de is deprecated | Fortress works master Farrier instruction master |
  | Festungsoberwerkmeister Oberhufbeschlaglehrmeistercode: de is deprecated | Fortress senior works master Senior farrier instruction master |
These men wore shoulder boards braided in a unique pattern, orange-red and silver on black underlay with Gothic "Fp" for fortress engineers,[j] and gold-yellow and silver on carmine with a horseshoe device for farriers.[k]
Bakal pegawai (Fähnrichecode: de is deprecated )
Lencana kolar bakal pegawai
Offizier-Bewerbercode: de is deprecated
Offizier-Anwärtercode: de is deprecated
Oberfähnrichcode: de is deprecated
| Hingga 1940 | 1940–1941 | 1942–1945 | Terjemahan | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fahnenjunkercode: de is deprecated | Schützecode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Bewerbercode: de is deprecated ) | Schützecode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Bewerbercode: de is deprecated ) | Flag-Squire Rifleman (Officer Applicant) | Officer candidate in basic training |
| Fahnenjunker-Gefreitercode: de is deprecated | Gefreitercode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Bewerbercode: de is deprecated ) | Gefreitercode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Bewerbercode: de is deprecated ) | Flag-Squire Lance Corporal Lance Corporal (Officer Applicant) | Officer candidate in advanced training with the Field Army |
| Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier Fahnenjunker-Oberjägercode: de is deprecated | Unteroffiziercode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Anwärtercode: de is deprecated ) Oberjägercode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Anwärtercode: de is deprecated ) | Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier Fahnenjunker-Oberjägercode: de is deprecated | Flag-Squire Under-officer/Flag-Squire Senior Ranger Under-officer (Officer Candidate)/Senior Ranger (Officer Candidate) | Cadet beginning Officer Candidate School or specialist academy |
| Fähnrichcode: de is deprecated | Feldwebelcode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Anwärtercode: de is deprecated ) Wachtmeistercode: de is deprecated (Offizier-Anwärtercode: de is deprecated ) | Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel Fahnenjunker-Wachtmeistercode: de is deprecated | Ensign Field Guide (Officer Candidate)/Watch Master (Officer Candidate) Flag-Squire Field Guide/Flag-Squire Watch Master | Cadet completing Officer Candidate School or specialist academy |
| Oberfähnrichcode: de is deprecated Unterarztcode: de is deprecated (physician) Unterapothekercode: de is deprecated (pharmacist) Unterveterinärcode: de is deprecated (veterinary) Oberfähnrich im Ing. Korpscode: de is deprecated (Engineering) Feuerwerker m. b. Offiziersprüfungcode: de is deprecated (Ordnance) | Oberfähnrich Unterarzt Unterveterinär Unterapotheker Feldingenieur Oberfähnrichcode: de is deprecated (Waffencode: de is deprecated ) | Oberfähnrich Unterarzt Unterapotheker Unterveterinär Feldingenieur Oberfähnrichcode: de is deprecated (Waffencode: de is deprecated ) | Senior Ensign Undersurgeon Underpharmacist Underveterinarian Sr. Ensign in the Engineer Corps/Field Engineer Fireworker with passed officer examination/Sr. Ensign (Ordnance) | Graduate serving as acting lieutenant, ensign or 3rd Lieutenant prior to commissioning as an officer. |
Pegawai (Offizierecode: de is deprecated )
Lencana kolar pegawai
Pakaian medan dan khidmat
Pakaian dress
Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated kuning keemasan: kavalri
| Insignia[6][7] | Pangkat | Terjemahan[8] | Anggaran persamaan semasa Perang Dunia II | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahu | Lengan[11] | UK[9] | US[12] | |||
| Leutnantecode: de is deprecated | ||||||
 |  | Leutnantcode: de is deprecated Assistenzarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Veterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) | Lieutenant Assistant Surgeon Veterinarian | Leftenan Kedua | Leftenan Kedua | |
 |  | Oberleutnantcode: de is deprecated Oberarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Oberveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) | Senior Lieutenant Senior Surgeon Senior Veterinarian | Leftenan | Leftenan Pertama | |
| Hauptleutecode: de is deprecated | ||||||
 |  | Hauptmanncode: de is deprecated Rittmeistercode: de is deprecated (Mounted branches) Stabsarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Stabsveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Kriegsrichtercode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) Kriegsgerichtsrat im Hauptmannsrangcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | lit. Head man Riding Master Staff Surgeon Staff Veterinarian War Judge War Court Council in Captain's Rank | Kapten | Kapten | |
| Stabsoffizierecode: de is deprecated | ||||||
 |  | Majorcode: de is deprecated Oberstabsarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Oberstabsveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Kriegsgerichtsrat im Majorsrangcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | Major Senior Staff Surgeon Senior Staff Veterinarian War Court Council in Major's Rank | Mejar | Mejar | |
 |  | Oberstleutnantcode: de is deprecated Oberfeldarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Oberfeldveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Oberkriegsgerichtsratcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | lit. Lieutenant Colonel Senior Field Surgeon Senior Field Veterinarian Senior War Court Council | Leftenan Kolonel | Leftenan Kolonel | |
 |  | Oberstcode: de is deprecated Oberstarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Oberstveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Oberstkriegsgerichtsratcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | lit. Seniormost Seniormost Surgeon Seniormost Veterinarian Seniormost War Court Council | Kolonel | Kolonel | |
Pegawai jeneral dan marsyal (Generälecode: de is deprecated )
Selain tanda kolar alt-Larischcode: de is deprecated dan epaulet brid emas, pakaian seragam pegawai jeneral dibezakan oleh warna emas dan bukannya warna perak pada lencana topi, tali topi (pengikat dagu), helang dada, gesper tali pinggang dan butang baju, sepasang jalur Hochrotcode: de is deprecated (merah scarlet) selebar 40mm pada kiri dan kanan bahagian tepi seluar panjang (dipanggil Lampasse), lapel kot labuh berwarna merah scarlet, dan kun alur pakaian dress berwarna Hochrotcode: de is deprecated bukannya Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated .
Dari Mei 1944 jeneral dalam pelbagai kor staf (perubatan, undang-undang, TSD dll.) sepatutnya menggantikan Hochrotcode: de is deprecated dengan Waffenfarbecode: de is deprecated yang sesuai mengikut cabang perkhidmatan mereka; pada praktiknya arahan ini tidak diendahkan sepenuhnya dan perintah seterusnya memanjangkan tarikh luput bagi tanda merah scarlet untuk selama-lamanya.
| Insignia[6][7] | Pangkat | Terjemahan[8] | Anggaran persamaan semasa Perang Dunia II | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahu | Lengan[11] | UK[9] | US[12] | ||
 Veterinar:  |  | Generalmajorcode: de is deprecated Generalarztcode: de is deprecated (Perubatan) Generalveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Oberstkriegsgerichtsrat des Dienstaufsichtsbezirkscode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) Reichskriegsgerichtsratcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) Reichskriegsanwaltcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | Mejar Jeneral Major general (Med.) Major general (Vet.) Highest War Court Council in Service District Realm War Court Council Realm War Court Prosecutor | Brigedier | Brigedier Jeneral |
 |  | Generalleutnantcode: de is deprecated Generalstabsarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Generalstabsveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinar) Senatspräsident am Reichskriegsgerichtcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) Oberreichskriegsanwaltcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | Leftenan Jeneral Lieutenant general (Med.) Lieutenant general (Vet.) Senate President in the Realm War Courts Chief Realm War Prosecutor | Mejar Jeneral | Mejar Jeneral |
 Perubatan:  |  | General der...code: de is deprecated — Infanteriecode: de is deprecated — Artilleriecode: de is deprecated — Kavalleriecode: de is deprecated — Panzertruppecode: de is deprecated (dari 1935) — Pionierecode: de is deprecated (dari 1938) — Gebirgstruppecode: de is deprecated (dari 1940) — Nachrichtentruppecode: de is deprecated (dari 1940) Generaloberstabsarztcode: de is deprecated (Medical) Generaloberstabsveterinärcode: de is deprecated (Veterinary) Ministerialdirektor im OKWcode: de is deprecated (Judicial before 1944) | Jeneral — infantri — artileri — kavalri — pasukan armor — jurutera — pasukan gunung — pasukan semboyan Surgeon general Lieutenant general (Vet.) Ministerial Director in the OKW | Leftenan Jeneral | Leftenan Jeneral |
Kolonel Jeneral:  Kolonel Jeneral GFM:  |  | Generaloberst — im Range eines Generalfeldmarschallscode: de is deprecated (GFM) | Kolonel Jeneral — dalam kapasiti Fil Marsyal[o] | Jeneral | Jeneral |
sebelum April 1941: dari April 1941:  |  | Generalfeldmarschallcode: de is deprecated | Jeneral Fil Marsyal | Fil Marsyal | Jeneral Angkatan Darat |
Lihat juga
- Arabes
- Uniform Tentera Darat Jerman (1935–1945)
- Waffenfarbe
- Glosari istilah ketenteraan Jerman
- Perbandingan pangkat pegawai Perang Dunia II
Nota
- ^ The Luftwaffecode: de is deprecated , although a branch of the Wehrmachtcode: de is deprecated , would use its own eagle design.
- ^ The German Army of Imperial times comprised in wartime the armies of the Kingdoms of Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria and Württemberg under the Prussian General Staff (Generalstabcode: de is deprecated ).
- ^ Before June 1944 their Waffenfarbe was bright red.
- ^ a b c These ranks were, in effect, dead end paygrades for passed-over soldiers
- ^ There is confusion in the published sources; see discussion
- ^ a b Portepeecode: de is deprecated "sword-knot": senior NCOs wore swords with dress uniform
- ^ a b c d Title used by the cavalry, artillery and transport troops
- ^ "The spear." This may refer to the sergeant of a flintlock-era company having carried a polearm rather than a musket, or it may relate to Latin pilus priorcode: la is deprecated "leading spear," the senior centurion in a cohort.
- ^ Farriers, blacksmiths specializing in the shoeing and care of horses, were a very important component of the WWII German army, 70–80% of which depended on horse-drawn transport. A standard infantry division had nearly 5,000 horses, one for every three soldiers.
- ^ Combining the Waffenfarbencode: de is deprecated of the ordnance and engineer branches
- ^ Combining the Waffenfarbencode: de is deprecated of the cavalry and veterinary branches; farriers were responsible for basic equine healthcare and assisting veterinary officers
- ^ a b c d e Chaplains wore no epaulettes, a cross on the front of the cap, and a cross (Protestant) or crucifix (Catholic) around the neck. In the field chaplains wore a Red Cross armband with purple borders.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j No official translation in the military dictionary.
- ^ A Feldbischofcode: de is deprecated did not wear generals' collar Arabeskecode: de is deprecated , but rather litzencode: de is deprecated in gold on a violet backing; his overcoat lapel facings were also violet rather than red.
- ^ A prewar rank discontinued before the outbreak of hostilities. Leftover from the Imperial times, was never awarded.[13]
Rujukan
Petikan
- ^ Wheeler-Bennett 1967, m/s. 312.
- ^ Rosignoli 1975, m/s. 209.
- ^ Federal Ministry of Defense 2016, m/s. 32.
- ^ Henner & Böhler 2013, m/s. 20.
- ^ Henner & Böhler 2013, m/s. 19.
- ^ a b c d War Department 1943, plate VIII.
- ^ a b c d Verlag Moritz Ruhl 1936, Table 4&5.
- ^ a b c d War Department 1944.
- ^ a b c d CIA 1999, m/s. 18.
- ^ War Department 1945, Plate V.
- ^ a b c Henner & Böhler 2013, m/s. 100.
- ^ a b c War Department 1945, Plate IV.
- ^ Verlag Moritz Ruhl 1936, Table 3.
Bibliografi
- Angolia, John R. (1992). Uniforms & Traditions of the German Army, 1933–1945, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-30-0.
- CIA (24 August 1999). "Records Integration Title Book" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 23 January 2017. Dicapai pada 11 December 2018.
- Davis, Brian L. (1998). German Army: Uniforms and Insignia 1933-1945. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-869-4.
- Federal Ministry of Defense (2016). Uniformen der Bundeswehr [Uniforms of the Federal Armed Forces] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Federal Ministry of Defense Press and Information Staff.
- Henner, Sigurd; Böhler, Wolfgang (2013). Die deutsche Wehrmacht: Dienstgrade und Waffenfarben des Heeres 1939-1945 [The German Wehrmacht: ranks and weapon colors of the army 1939-1945] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Czech Republic: Motorbuch. ISBN 978-3613036017.
- Hettler, Eberhard (1939). Uniformen der Deutschen Wehrmacht : Heer, Kriegsmarine, Luftwaffe [Uniforms of the German ARmed Forcs: Army, Navy, Air Force] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Berlin: O. Dietrich.
- Rosignoli, Guido (1975). Army Badges and Insignia of World War 2 Book One (ed. Second). New York: Blanford Press.
- Verlag Moritz Ruhl (1936). Deutsche Uniformen [German Uniforms] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Leipzig: Verlag Moritz Ruhl.
- War Department (1 September 1943). TM-E 30-451 Handbook on German Military Forces. Washington, D.C.: War Department.
- War Department (15 March 1945). "Chapter IX: Uniforms, Insignia, and Individual Equipment". War Department Technical Manual TM-E 30-451.
- War Department (20 May 1944). TM 30-506 German Military Dictionary (PDF). Washington, D.C.: War Department.
- Wheeler-Bennett, John (1967). The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London, UK: Macmillan. m/s. 295–96.
Pautan luar
- German WWII Army & SS Rank & Insignia
- German Army ranks
