Pertempuran Saipan

Pertempuran Saipan
Sebahagian daripada Kancah Pasifik Perang Dunia II
LVT heading to shore.
LVT menghala ke pantai pada 15 Jun 1944. Birmingham di latar depan; kruiser yang membedil pada jarak jauh ialah Indianapolis.
Tarikh15 Jun – 9 Julai 1944
(3 minggu, 3 hari)
Lokasi
Saipan, Kepulauan Mariana
Keputusan Kemenangan Amerika
Pihak yang terlibat
 Amerika Syarikat  Jepun
Komandan dan pemimpin
Richmond K. Turner
Holland Smith		 Yoshitsugu Saitō  †
Chūichi Nagumo  †
Takeo Takagi  †
Matsuji Ijuin   †
Unit terlibat

Kor V Amfibia

(Artikel utama)

Empayar Jepun Tentera Darat Ke-31

(Artikel utama)
Kekuatan
71,000 32,000[1]:563
Kerugian dan korban
13,790 kasualti:
3,426 terbunuh dan hilang[2]:379
10,364 cedera[3]		 29,000 kasualti:[4]
24,000 KIA
5,000 bunuh diri
7,000 orang awam Jepun (ramai yang membunuh diri)[4]
22,000 orang awam terkorban[5]

Pertempuran Saipan adalah satu peperangan kempen Pasifik dalam Perang Dunia II, berlangsung dekat pulau Saipan di Kepulauan Mariana dari 15 Jun hingga 9 Julai 1944. Armada penyerbuan Bersekutu menggerakkan angkatan ekspedisi dari Pearl Harbor pada 5 Jun 1944, sehari sebelum pelancaran Operasi Overlord di Eropah. Divisyen Ke-2 Marin, Divisyen Ke-4 Marin, dan Divisyen Ke-27 Infantri AS, diperintah oleh Leftenan Jeneral Holland Smith, mengalahkan Divisyen Ke-43 Infantri dari Tentera Darat Imperial Jepun, diperintah oleh Leftenan Jeneral Yoshitsugu Saito. Kehilangan Saipan, dengan kematian sekurang-kurangnya 29,000 askar dan korban orang awam yang besar, menyebabkan peletakkan jawatan Perdana Menteri Jepun Jeneral Hideki Tōjō dan membiarkan tanah besar Jepun di dalam jarak pesawat pengebom B-29 Bersekutu.

Nota

  1. ^ Beevor, Antony (2012). The Second World War (ed. 1). New York: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-02375-7.
  2. ^ Miller, Donald L. (2001). The Story of World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2718-6.
  3. ^ battleofsaipan.com/seabee.htm
  4. ^ a b Beevor, Antony (2013). The Second World War (dalam bahasa Norwegian) (ed. 1st). Cappelen Damm. m/s. 611. ISBN 978-82-02-42146-5.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ "Battle of Saipan". Historynet.com.

Bacaan lanjut

Buku

  • Bright, Richard Carl (2007). Pain and Purpose In the Pacific: True Reports Of War. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4251-2544-1.
  • Denfeld, D. Colt (1997). Hold the Marianas: The Japanese Defense of the Mariana Islands. White Mane Pub. ISBN 1-57249-014-4.
  • Gailey, Harry A. (1986). Howlin' Mad Vs. the Army: Conflict in Command, Saipan 1944. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-242-5.
  • Goldberg, Harold J. (2007). D-day in the Pacific: The Battle of Saipan. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34869-2.
  • Jones, Don (1986). Oba, The Last Samurai. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-245-X.
  • Manchester, William (1980). Goodbye, Darkness A Memoir of the Pacific War. Boston – Toronto: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-316-54501-5.
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). New Guinea and the Marianas, March 1944 – August 1944, vol. 8 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (ed. reissue). Champaign, Illinois, US: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-07038-0.
  • O'Brien, Francis A. (2003). Battling for Saipan. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-804-0.
  • Petty, Bruce M. (2001). Saipan: Oral Histories of the Pacific War. McFarland and Company. ISBN 0-7864-0991-6.
  • Rottman, Gordon; Howard Gerrard (2004). Saipan & Tinian 1944: Piercing the Japanese Empire. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-804-9.
  • Sauer, Howard (1999). "Torpedoed at Saipan". The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait. Palo Alto, California: The Glencannon Press. ISBN 1-889901-08-3. – Firsthand account of naval gunfire support by a crewmember of USS Maryland.

Laman sesawang

  • Chapin, Captain John C. (1994). The Battle for Saipan. Washington D.C.: United States Marine Corps Historical Division. PCN 19000312300. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 December 2008. Dicapai pada 12 December 2008. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  • Chen, C. Peter. "The Marianas and the Great Turkey Shoot". World War II Database. Dicapai pada 31 May 2005.
  • Saipan – a 2nd Marine Division pamphlet describing certain expected features of the invasion and combat, including the presence of a large civilian population.
  • Breaching the Marianas: The Battle for Saipan (Marines in World War II Commemorative Series)
  • Banzai charge in Saipan: Gyokusai (Jepun) Suicide for the Emperor?
  • Hoffman, Major Carl W. (1950). "Saipan: The Beginning of the End". USMC Historical Monograph. Historical Branch, United States Marine Corps. Dicapai pada 19 December 2005.
  • Anderson, Charles R. (2003). Western Pacific. U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-29. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-13. Dicapai pada 3 November 2004.
  • Dyer, George Carroll (1956). "The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner". United States Government Printing Office. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2011. Dicapai pada 5 May 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  • SMU's Frank J. Davis World War II Photographs contain 129 images of Saipan, including 18 images depicting the surrender of the famous "hold-out" Japanese forces under the command of Captain Oba in December 1945

Pautan luar

  • Battle for the Mariana Islands di YouTube
  • Small Unit Actions: The Fight on Tanapag Plain; 27th Division 6 July 1944

Koordinat: 15°11′N 145°45′E / 15.183°N 145.750°E / 15.183; 145.750