Potawatomi State Park

State park in Wisconsin, United States

44°51′52″N 87°24′54″W / 44.86444°N 87.41500°W / 44.86444; -87.41500Area1,225 acres (4.96 km2)Established1928Governing bodyWisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesWebsitePotawatomi State Park

Potawatomi State Park is a 1,225-acre (496 ha) Wisconsin state park northwest of the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin in the Town of Nasewaupee. It is located in Door County along Sturgeon Bay, a bay within the bay of Green Bay. Potawatomi State Park was established in 1928.[1]

History

The federal government began a quarry operation at what is now Potawatomi State Park in 1834.[2] Two years later, the Menominee ceded their claim to the Door Peninsula, including the area which became Potawatomi State Park, to the United States in the 1831 Treaty of Washington.[3] Following the treaty the lands surrounding what is now the park were opened to settlement, which meant that the more decentralized Potawatomi in the area were divested of their land without compensation.[4]

In 1837 the federal government enacted a 1,000 acre federal reservation on the site. This legal designation prevented the area from being sold to settlers or absentee landowners. Instead it was reserved for federal ownership and came to be called "Government Bluff".[2] The rationale for not selling the land was twofold. The area was considered strategically valuable for military purposes because it had a commanding view of Sturgeon Bay and Green Bay. In addition the land was valuable because high quality dolomite could be quarried from the area.[5]

The nature and scenic resources of Government Bluff were apparently coveted by the local inhabitants. Historical accounts give the distinct impression that the reservation's inaccessibility to the public was an unpopular restriction. Quarry operation never grew to the extent of several other local quarries, but the property remained in federal ownership until 1928.[2]

Potawatomi State Park was created in 1928 by the Wisconsin state legislature after the purchase of 1,046.10 acres from the federal government. During the ten succeeding years after the property was purchase, facilities for camping, picnicking, and hiking were developed.[2]

In the 1950s, other improvements to the park were made, including new toilets, park service building, and a new picnic shelter. A new park office building was built in 1983–1984.[2]

An interesting facet to the history of the park was the development of a winter sports recreation area. The facilities were developed in 1941 in cooperation with a group of winter sports enthusiasts known as the Sturgeon Bay Winter Sports Club. Downhill skiing, tobogganing, and ski-jumping were popular activities. Tows for skiers and tobogganers were provided as were rental equipment, food, and beverages.[2]

The area was operated by different groups with various names over the years. The area at one time exclusively a downhill ski hill with two main ski runs and a recently installed chairlift. A non-profit corporation, the Potawatomi Ski Club, leased the ski area from the state and operated it for public recreation.[2]

The ski hill closed following the 1997–1998 season due to an insufficient number of volunteers, club members being made personally responsible for maintenance expenditures, and a string of mild winters.[6]

Trailhead sign

Activities and amenities

  • Trails: The park has several hiking trails and is the eastern terminus of the Ice Age National Scenic Trail. Park trails are used for hiking,[7] bicycling,[8] cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling.[9]
  • Green Bay: The park has two miles of water frontage on Green Bay which provides opportunities for boating, canoeing,[10] and fishing.[11]

Climate

Hills Point (within the park)
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
57
 
 
−7
−12
 
 
54
 
 
−6
−12
 
 
60
 
 
−1
−7
 
 
129
 
 
11
−2
 
 
93
 
 
16
4
 
 
85
 
 
20
12
 
 
97
 
 
24
15
 
 
78
 
 
23
14
 
 
87
 
 
20
11
 
 
129
 
 
11
6
 
 
85
 
 
2
−1
 
 
65
 
 
−4
−8
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [12]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.2
 
 
19
10
 
 
2.1
 
 
21
10
 
 
2.4
 
 
30
19
 
 
5.1
 
 
52
28
 
 
3.7
 
 
61
39
 
 
3.3
 
 
68
54
 
 
3.8
 
 
75
59
 
 
3.1
 
 
73
57
 
 
3.4
 
 
68
52
 
 
5.1
 
 
52
43
 
 
3.3
 
 
36
30
 
 
2.6
 
 
25
18
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Open water in Sawyer Harbor with ice cover in Sturgeon Bay, April; taken from the closed observation tower

Gallery

  • Looking northwest from beach at Sturgeon Bay
    Looking northwest from beach at Sturgeon Bay
  • Looking southeast from beach at the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
    Looking southeast from beach at the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
  • View from Tower Trail
    View from Tower Trail
  • Ice fishing shack
    Ice fishing shack
  • Eastern white cedars, Thuja occidentalis
    Eastern white cedars, Thuja occidentalis
  • Shore
    Shore
  • Road
    Road
  • Forest
    Forest
  • Harvestman on an oak fern
    Harvestman on an oak fern
  • Flying kites
    Flying kites
  • Biker seen from the Old Ski Hill Overlook
    Biker seen from the Old Ski Hill Overlook
  • View in August from the now-closed tower. Sawyer Harbor is in the foreground, with the western part of Sturgeon Bay in the background. The small island at right is Heaven On Earth Island, formerly Bug Island. The larger island to the left is Idyll Wood Island. Cabot Point is behind the two islands. It is part of the Idlewild area. In the far distance at center-right is the rock cut of the Old Stone Quarry on the northwest shore of Sturgeon Bay, once the largest in the state.
    View in August from the now-closed tower. Sawyer Harbor is in the foreground, with the western part of Sturgeon Bay in the background. The small island at right is Heaven On Earth Island, formerly Bug Island. The larger island to the left is Idyll Wood Island. Cabot Point is behind the two islands. It is part of the Idlewild area. In the far distance at center-right is the rock cut of the Old Stone Quarry on the northwest shore of Sturgeon Bay, once the largest in the state.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Potawatomi State Park". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. July 19, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II - Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, page 8 (page 17 of the pdf)
  3. ^ Ceded territories map, Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC), Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology - 1896-97, Part 2 by J. W. Powell, Charles C. Royce, and Cyrus Thomas, 1899, page 728 (page 217 of the pdf)
  4. ^ Chapter on The Migrations: 1835–1845 in Place of refuge for all time by James A. Clifton, University of Ottawa Press, 1975, pages 65, 73, and 86–87 (pages 2, 10, and 23–24 of the pdf)
  5. ^ Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II - Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, pages 7–8 (pages 16–17 of the pdf)
  6. ^ Door County’s Old Ski Hills: Warm Memories of Cold Winter Fun by Karen Grota Nordahl, Door County Living November 15, 2007
  7. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Hiking, Wisconsin DNR
  8. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Biking, Wisconsin DNR
  9. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Winter recreation, Wisconsin DNR
  10. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Water recreation, Wisconsin DNR
  11. ^ Potawatomi State Park: Fishing, Wisconsin DNR
  12. ^ "NASA EarthData Search". NASA. Retrieved January 30, 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Potawatomi State Park.
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  • Silver Creek and Mondeaux River
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  • Skunk and Foster Lakes
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  • Smith Drumlin Prairie
  • Smith Slough and Sand Prairie
  • Snake Creek Fen
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  • Snoose Creek
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  • Sohlberg Silver Lake
  • Solon Springs Sharptail Barrens
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  • Swamp Creek Fen
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  • Swan Lake Sedge Meadow and Barrens
  • Swan Lake Tamaracks
  • Swan Lake Wet-mesic Prairie
  • Swenson Wet Prairie
  • Tamarack Creek Bog
  • Tar Dam Pines
  • Tealey Creek Cedars
  • Tellock's Hill Woods
  • Texas Island Woods
  • The Ridges Sanctuary
  • Thornapple Hemlocks
  • Thorp Pond
  • Thunder Mountain
  • Thunder River Swamp
  • Tichigan Springs and Fen
  • Tiffany Bottoms
  • Toft Point
  • Tomahawk Lake Hemlocks
  • Totagatic Highlands Hemlocks
  • Totogan Pines
  • Tower Hill Bottoms
  • Town Corner Cedars
  • Town Line Lake and Woods
  • Toy Lake Swamp
  • Trade River Forest and Wetlands
  • Tranus Lake
  • Trempealeau Mountain
  • Trempealeau River Meadow
  • Trenton Bluff Prairie
  • Trout Lake Conifer Swamp
  • Trout River
  • Tucker Lake Hemlocks
  • Tula Lake
  • Tunnel Channel Woods
  • Tunnelville Cliffs
  • Turtle Flambeau Peatlands
  • Twin Lakes Bog
  • Two Creeks Buried Forest
  • Two Lakes Pine-Oak Forest
  • Upper Black River
  • Upper Brunet River
  • Upper Buckatabon Springs
  • Upper Fox Headwaters
  • Upper Kaubashine Creek
  • Upper Little Wolf
  • Upper Nemadji River Floodplain Forest
  • Upper Tomahawk River Pines
  • Van Loon Floodplain Forest
  • Van Loon Floodplain Savanna
  • Van Vliet Hemlocks
  • Vosse Coulee
  • Wabikon Lake
  • Ward/Swartz Decatur Woods
  • Warnimont Bluff Fens
  • Washburn Marsh
  • Waterloo Prairie
  • Waterloo Quartzite Outcrops
  • Waubesa Wetlands
  • Waupee Lake Swamp
  • Waupun Park Maple Forest
  • Wauzeka Bottoms
  • Wedde Creek Savanna
  • Weir White Oaks
  • Wheeler Lake
  • White Cliff Fen and Forest
  • White River Boreal Forest
  • White River Breaks
  • White River Prairie Tamarack
  • White River Sedge Meadow
  • Whitefish Dunes
  • Whitman Bottoms Floodplain Forest
  • Wildcat Ridge
  • Wilson Lake
  • Winchester Meadow
  • Wind Pudding
  • Wisconsin Slough
  • Wolf River Bottoms
  • Woodland Dunes
  • Woodman Lake Sand Prairie & Dead Lake
  • Woods Creek
  • Wyalusing Hardwood Forest
  • Wyalusing Walnut Forest
  • Yellow River Floodplain Forest
  • Yellow River Ice-walled Lake Plain
  • Yellow River Oxbows
  • Yellowstone Savanna
  • York Prairie
  • Young Prairie
State Recreation Areas
State Forests
State Historical Sites
State Wildlife Areas
  • Ackley
  • Adell
  • Albany
  • Allenton
  • Amberg
  • Amsterdam Sloughs
  • Augusta
  • Avon Bottoms
  • Badfish Creek
  • Balsam Branch
  • Barker Creek
  • Bear Lake
  • Beaver Brook
  • Bierbrauer
  • Big Beaver Creek
  • Big Muskego Lake
  • Big Swamp
  • Bill Cross
  • Blackhawk Lake
  • Bloomfield
  • Borst Valley
  • Brillion
  • Brooklyn
  • Brusky
  • Buckhorn
  • Buena Vista
  • Burlington
  • C.D. Besadny
  • Casey Lake
  • Chief River
  • Chimney Rock
  • Clam Lake
  • Clay Corners
  • Clover Valley
  • Colburn
  • Collins Marsh
  • Crex Meadows
  • Cylon Marsh
  • Cylon
  • Deansville
  • Deer Creek
  • Dell Creek
  • Deppe
  • Dewey Marsh
  • Dike 17
  • Douglas County
  • Dover
  • Dunnville
  • Eau Galle River
  • Eldorado
  • Emerald Valley
  • Evansville
  • Fish Lake
  • Flat Creek
  • Footville
  • French Creek
  • Galbraith
  • Gardner Swamp
  • Germania Marsh
  • Gilbert Creek
  • Goose Lake (Burnett County)
  • Goose Lake (Dane County)
  • Goose Pond
  • Grand River Marsh
  • Grassy Lake (Barron County)
  • Grassy Lake (Columbia County)
  • Green Bay West Shores
  • Greenwood
  • Hacker Drive
  • Hay Creek
  • Hay Creek-Hoffman Lake
  • Hay River
  • Highway 144
  • Highway T
  • Holland
  • Honey Creek Streambank
  • Honey Creek
  • Hook Lake Bog-Grass Lake
  • Hoosier Creek
  • Horicon Marsh
  • Jackson Marsh
  • Jaeger's Island
  • Jefferson Marsh
  • Jennings Creek
  • Joel Marsh
  • Johnson
  • Karcher
  • Kickapoo River Bell Center
  • Kickapoo River Wauzeka Unit
  • Kiel Marsh
  • Killsnake
  • Kimberly Clark
  • Kinnickinnic River Oscar Lee
  • Kinnickinnic River Potton
  • Kinnickinnic River Headwaters
  • Kinnickinnic River South Fork
  • Kissick Swamp
  • Knapp Creek
  • Koshkonong
  • Lake Mills
  • Lake Noquebay
  • Lake Pepin
  • Lakes Coulee
  • Lambs Creek
  • Lawrence Creek
  • Leola Marsh
  • Liberty Creek
  • Lightning Creek
  • Lima Marsh
  • Little Rice
  • Lodi Marsh
  • Loon Lake
  • Lundy Pond
  • Lyons
  • Mack
  • Maine
  • Manion
  • Mashek Creek
  • McAdams
  • McKenzie Creek
  • McMillan Marsh
  • Mead
  • Meadow Valley
  • Morgan Marsh
  • Mount Hope
  • Mud Lake (Columbia County)
  • Mud Lake (Dane County)
  • Mud Lake (Dodge County)
  • Muddy Creek
  • Mukwa
  • Mullet Creek
  • Nagel
  • Namekagon Barrens
  • Navarino
  • New Auburn
  • New Munster
  • New Wood
  • Nichols Creek
  • North Bend Bottoms
  • North Branch Milwaukee River
  • Oakridge
  • Oden
  • Omer Springs
  • Otter Creek
  • Outagamie
  • Paradise Marsh
  • Paradise Valley
  • Paul J. Olson
  • Pershing
  • Peshtigo Brook
  • Peter Helland
  • Peters Marsh
  • Pierce County Islands
  • Pine Island
  • Pleasant Valley
  • Potato Creek
  • Powell Marsh
  • Poygan Marsh
  • Prince's Point
  • Quaderer's Creek
  • Rat River
  • Ray
  • Ray Morrison Memorial
  • Rice Beds Creek
  • Ridgeville
  • Rock Falls
  • Rome Pond
  • Rush River
  • Sampson
  • Sandhill
  • Schmit
  • Scuppernong River
  • Sette
  • Shaw Marsh
  • Sheboygan Marsh
  • Silvernail
  • South Beaver Creek
  • Spring Creek
  • St. Croix Islands
  • Star Prairie Seed Farm
  • Storrs Lake
  • Straight Lake
  • Swan Lake
  • Sweeny Pond
  • Swinging Gate
  • Tamarack Creek
  • Ten Mile Creek (Rusk County)
  • Ten Mile Creek (Saint Croix County)
  • Theresa Marsh
  • Thunder Lake
  • Tichigan
  • Tiffany
  • Tollefson Marsh
  • Tom Lawin
  • Totagatic Lake
  • Totogatic
  • Town Corner
  • Troy
  • Turtle Creek
  • Turtle Valley
  • Ulrich
  • Underwood
  • Van Loon
  • Vermillion River
  • Vernon
  • Vosse Coulee
  • Washington Creek
  • Waterloo
  • Waunakee Marsh
  • Weirgor Springs
  • West Taylor
  • Whalen Creek
  • White River
  • White River Marsh
  • Whitman Dam
  • Willow River
  • Wind Lake
  • Wolf River Bottoms Herb Behnke
  • Wolf River Bottoms LaSage
  • Wolf River
  • Wood County
  • Woodboro Lakes
  • Yellow River
  • Yellowstone